Arctic Foxes are commonly found within the Arctic Circle and in the near-Arctic regions of the Northern Hemisphere. In addition to the Northern half of Canada, this also includes the Scandanavian nations of Norway, Sweden and Finland, the northern portions of Russia, Alaska, Greenland and even Iceland, being the only native land mammal to the island nation. In Canada more specifically, these foxes can be found as far east as Newfoundland and Laborador, and are also found in Quebec's Ungava Peninsula, along the periphary of Hudson's Bay, as well as in Northern Saskatchewan and in all three Territories, including in the Canadian Archipelago as far north as Ellesmere Island. There are no known populations present in the Maritime region. Arctic Foxes prefer both Coastal Tundra and Alpine Tundra habitats, and can sometimes be found in the northern-most reaches of Boreal Forests

The diet of the Arctic Fox changes from season to season. During the more bountiful summer months, they often hunt for Birds, Lemmings and Ground Squirrels, as well as forage for Bird Eggs and Berries. When winter rolls around, they will still hunt for Lemmings, but will also cautiously follow Polar Bears and scavenge off of their kills if food is scarce. Along the coast, Arctic Foxes will also scavenge off of any carrion or seaweed that washes up along the shoreline. When food is abundant, Arctic Foxes will cache any excess food they collect for later use.

The mating season for Arctic Foxes occurs during the late winter and spring months between February and June. The gestation period for the mother is 1.5 to 2 months, giving birth to a litter size of 5 to 10 kits, though the litter size can be as large as 25. The quantity of kits birthed by the parents corelates to the population of prey items (especially Lemmings) in the area. The kits are reared in mound-like dens with multiple entrances that are sometimes up to a few centuries old, as the permafrost makes it challenging to burrow and construct tunnels. Parent foxes have also used the base of cliff faces as denning sites for their young. Both parents take responsibility in caring for the kits, though most kits unfortunately do not survive past the first 6 months of their life, succumbing most often to starvation. A few weeks after the first litter is born, that male fox will attempt to mate with the mother fox again, resulting in her giving birth to a second litter sometime in the summer. Kits are weaned off of their mother 1 to 2 months after being born, but until then, the male fox will be focused heavily on aquiring food to feed the mother fox, as she will rarely leave the den during the nursing period. the kits will develop into sexually mature adults in less than a year, usually at the 10 month mark. Towards the end of the year, the family will disperse, will all members of the family living solitary lives until the next breeding season. Arctic Foxes will live to 3 or 4 years in the wild, but are capable of living up to 16 years in captivity. Predators of Arctic Foxes include Golden Eagles, Wolves, Bears and Wolverines. In areas where their distribution overlaps, Red Fox will compete with Arctic Foxes for resources, often with the latter losing out. This can be problematic for Arctic Foxes, as Climate Change will allow for the Red Fox's range to extend northwards.

The Square-Cube Law would dictate that the Arctic Fox's small size would result in it losing a lot of body heat, given the greater surface area of its body relative to the volume. Fortunately for this species of Fox, it possess a number of adaptations that greatly reduces that amount of body heat that it loses. For a start, its small ears, snout and legs result in a reduction of its body's surface area, reducing the amount of heat lost to the cold polar climate. Their white winter coat, which aids in camoflauging in the icy landscape, is thick and soft, composing of dense underhairs and long guard hairs. Their feet and padding is also covered in fur, reducing the risk of frostbite. All of these adaptations combined allows for the Arctic Fox to withstand temperatures as low as -55ºC, which is extremely helpful given that they do not hibernate over the winter months. The white winter coats are replaced with a more brownish-grey-blue coat during the summer months, allowing for the Fox to camoflauge with their enviroment regardless of the time of year. Arctic Foxes are capable of traveling long distances; one fox studied traveled nearly 5000km in the span of a year, traveling North from Nunavut's Bylot Island onto the ice during the autumn of 2008, traversing back southwards to Baffin Island after 4 months before moving westward to Somerset Island for the summer of 2009. The decision for Foxes to travel such distances appears to correlate with the population of Lemmings in their home range; if the Lemming population in their location crashes, they will travel abroad to search for other food